Fig 1: Unchanged tumor marker levels in liver, lung, brain, and skin of plasma-treated mice. Representative images of immunohistochemistry of different tumor markers (TM): AFP (I) in liver, ß2M in brain (II), CEA in lung (III), as well as NSE staining in skin tissue (IV) after one year in positive control (+ve ctrl, left) and plasma-treated (right) animals (A). Scale bar 50 µm (right columns) or 100 µm (left columns). Using ELISA, we analyzed AFP (I), and calcitonin (CT) (II), a TM of medullary thyroid carcinoma, in blood serum (B; * p < 0.05; (n > 9). The mRNA expression levels of five TM and ß-actin in liver, brain, lung, and ear skin tissues from plasma- and untreated (ctrl) mice were compared with organs from a HCC-bearing mouse (+ve ctrl). At least three independent experiments were performed and summarized in the indicated experimental groups (m, male; f, female). AFP, a-fetoprotein; NOPE, neighbor of Punc 11; ß2M, ß2-microglobulin; NSE, neuron specific enolase; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen (C).